This branch of study deals with investigating how our planet's systems interact with environmental processes that affect climate, ecosystems, and resources. It also investigates changes caused by natural and anthropogenic processes in the environment, and their effect on ecological and socio-economic systems. Among the research areas are climate variability, environmental change, ecosystem functioning, pollution, carbon cycle, land use changes, environmental monitoring, and geosciences for sustainability. The branch also explores adaptation strategies, environmental risk assessments, mitigation efforts, and resilience. Through the study of environmental processes and climate issues, this discipline helps us learn about sustainable management of resources and decision-making.